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- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Gabon
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Western Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Congo
- and Equatorial Guinea
- Map references:
- Africa
- Area:
- total area:
- 267,670 sq km
- land area:
- 257,670 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly smaller than Colorado
- Land boundaries:
- total 2,551 km, Cameroon 298 km, Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350 km
- Coastline:
- 885 km
- Maritime claims:
- contiguous zone:
- 24 nm
- exclusive economic zone:
- 200 nm
- territorial sea:
- 12 nm
- International disputes:
- maritime boundary dispute with Equatorial Guinea because of disputed
- sovereignty over islands in Corisco Bay
- Climate:
- tropical; always hot, humid
- Terrain:
- narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south
- Natural resources:
- petroleum, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 1%
- permanent crops:
- 1%
- meadows and pastures:
- 18%
- forest and woodland:
- 78%
- other:
- 2%
- Irrigated land:
- NA sq km
- Environment:
- current issues:
- deforestation; poaching
- natural hazards:
- NA
- international agreements:
- party to - Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
- Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not
- ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Gabon
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 1,155,749 (July 1995 est.)
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 34% (female 193,859; male 194,761)
- 15-64 years:
- 61% (female 347,839; male 359,997)
- 65 years and over:
- 5% (female 30,218; male 29,075) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 1.46% (1995 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 28.34 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 13.72 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 92.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 55.14 years
- male:
- 52.31 years
- female:
- 58.06 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 3.93 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Gabonese (singular and plural)
- adjective:
- Gabonese
- Ethnic divisions:
- Bantu tribes including four major tribal groupings (Fang, Eshira, Bapounou,
- Bateke), other Africans and Europeans 100,000, including 27,000 French
- Religions:
- Christian 55%-75%, Muslim less than 1%, animist
- Languages:
- French (official), Fang, Myene, Bateke, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
- total population:
- 61%
- male:
- 74%
- female:
- 48%
- Labor force:
- 120,000 salaried
- by occupation:
- agriculture 65.0%, industry and commerce 30.0%, services 2.5%, government
- 2.5%
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Gabon
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Gabonese Republic
- conventional short form:
- Gabon
- local long form:
- Republique Gabonaise
- local short form:
- Gabon
- Digraph:
- GB
- Type:
- republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized 1990)
- Capital:
- Libreville
- Administrative divisions:
- 9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga,
- Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem
- Independence:
- 17 August 1960 (from France)
- National holiday:
- Renovation Day, 12 March (1968) (Gabonese Democratic Party established)
- Constitution:
- adopted 14 March 1991
- Legal system:
- based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of
- legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; compulsory
- ICJ jurisdiction not accepted
- Suffrage:
- 21 years of age; universal
- Executive branch:
- chief of state:
- President El Hadj Omar BONGO (since 2 December 1967); election last held on
- 5 December 1993 (next to be held 1998); results - President Omar BONGO was
- reelected with 51% of the vote
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Paulin OBAME Nguema (since 9 December 1994)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister in consultation with
- the president
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral
- National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale):
- elections last held on 5 December 1993 (next to be held by 1998); results -
- percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) PDG 62,
- Morena-Bucherons/RNB 19, PGP 18, National Recovery Movement
- (Morena-Original) 7, APSG 6, USG 4, CRP 1, independents 3
- Judicial branch:
- Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
- Political parties and leaders:
- Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG, former sole party), Jaques ADIAHENOT,
- Secretary General; National Recovery Movement - Lumberjacks
- (Morena-Bucherons/RNB), Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE, leader; Gabonese Party for
- Progress (PGP), Pierre-Louis AGONDHO-OKAWE, President; National Recovery
- Movement (Morena-Original), Pierre ZONGUE-NGUEMA, Chairman; Association for
- Socialism in Gabon (APSG), leader NA; Gabonese Socialist Union (USG), leader
- NA; Circle for Renewal and Progress (CRP), leader NA; Union for Democracy
- and Development (UDD), leader NA; Rally of Democrats (RD), leader NA; Forces
- of Change for Democratic Union, leader NA
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Gabon
- Government
- Member of:
- ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA,
- IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF,
- IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UDEAC, UN,
- UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Paul BOUNDOUKOU-LATHA
- chancery:
- 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007, Suite 200
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 797-1000
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Joseph C. WILSON IV
- embassy:
- Boulevard de la Mer, Libreville
- mailing address:
- B. P. 4000, Libreville
- telephone:
- [241] 76 20 03 through 76 20 04, 74 34 92
- FAX:
- [241] 74 55 07
- Flag:
- three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Gabon
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- Notwithstanding its serious ongoing economic problems, Gabon enjoys a per
- capita income more than twice that of most nations of sub-Saharan Africa.
- Gabon depended on timber and manganese until oil was discovered offshore in
- the early 1970s. The oil sector now accounts for 50% of GDP. Real growth was
- feeble in 1992 and Gabon continues to face the problem of fluctuating prices
- for its oil, timber, manganese, and uranium exports. Despite an abundance of
- natural wealth, and a manageable rate of population growth, the economy is
- hobbled by poor fiscal management. In 1992, the fiscal deficit widened to
- 2.4% of GDP, and Gabon failed to settle arrears on its bilateral debt,
- leading to a cancellation of rescheduling agreements with official and
- private creditors. Devaluation of its Francophone currency by 50% in January
- 1994 did not set off an expected inflationary spiral but the government must
- continue to keep a tight reign on spending and wage increases.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $5.6 billion (1994 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 1.9% (1994 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $4,900 (1994 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 35% (1994 est.)
- Unemployment rate:
- NA%
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $1.3 billion
- expenditures:
- $1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $311 million (1993 est.)
- Exports:
- $2.1 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est)
- commodities:
- crude oil 80%, timber 10%, manganese 6%, uranium 2%
- partners:
- US 38%, France 26%, Japan, Germany
- Imports:
- $832 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.)
- commodities:
- foodstuffs, chemical products, petroleum products, construction materials,
- manufactures, machinery
- partners:
- France 42%, African countries 23%, US, Japan
- External debt:
- $3.3 billion (1993 est.)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate -3% (1991)
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 315,000 kW
- production:
- 910 million kWh
- consumption per capita:
- 757 kWh (1993)
- Industries:
- food and beverages, lumbering and plywood, textiles, cement, petroleum
- refining, mining - manganese, uranium, gold, petroleum
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Gabon
- Economy
- Agriculture:
- cash crops - cocoa, coffee, palm oil; livestock raising not developed;
- importer of food; small fishing operations provide a catch of about 20,000
- metric tons; okoume (a tropical softwood) is the most important timber
- product
- Economic aid:
- recipient:
- US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $68 million; Western (non-US)
- countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2.342 billion;
- Communist countries (1970-89), $27 million
- Currency:
- 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
- Exchange rates:
- Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January
- 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26
- (1990)
- note:
- beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French
- franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Gabon
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- total:
- 649 km single track (Transgabonese Railroad)
- standard gauge:
- 649 km 1.437-m gauge
- Highways:
- total:
- 7,500 km
- paved:
- 560 km
- unpaved:
- crushed stone 960 km; earth 5,980 km
- Inland waterways:
- 1,600 km perennially navigable
- Pipelines:
- crude oil 270 km; petroleum products 14 km
- Ports:
- Cape Lopez, Kango, Lambarene, Libreville, Owendo, Port-Gentil
- Merchant marine:
- total:
- 1 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,281 GRT/12,665 DWT
- Airports:
- 69
- with paved runways over 3,047 m:
- 1
- with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 1
- with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
- 7
- with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 1
- with paved runways under 914 m:
- 28
- with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
- 8
- with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 23
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Gabon
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- 15,000 telephones; telephone density - 13/1,000 persons
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- adequate system, comprising cable, microwave radio relay, tropospheric
- scatter, radiocommunication stations, and 12 domestic satellite links
- international:
- 3 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 6, FM 6, shortwave 0
- radios:
- NA
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 3 (repeaters 5)
- televisions:
- NA
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Gabon
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Army, Navy, Air Force, Presidential Guard, National Gendarmerie, National
- Police
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 272,025; males fit for military service 138,197; males reach
- military age (20) annually 10,516 (1995 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $154 million, 2.4% of GDP (1993)
-